It would be very cumbersome to use MS Project Professional or MS Project Standard. However, MS Project Server provides the enterprise view of projects and resources using a single, central data repository. MS Project Server 2013 has been re-architected to a single physical data base, with 4 logical databases including draft plans (not visible to anyone but the creator), published plans (visible to all authorized users), archive plans, and the reporting database.
This product is available through a subscription service provided by different vendors, including Microsoft Office 365. The price is reasonable, and depending on the needs of individual users, may only require online access for all accept "heavy-duty" project managers.
An interesting point - Microsoft recently announced at the 2014 MS Project Conference in Anaheim that they will be selling a new "cloud-based" subscription for project team members at $7 per month. This provides full read-access to projects on which the team member is assigned, and update access for their assigned tasks and timesheets.