What happens when someone raises an issue or exception report?
Usually it is something like:
Preliminary evaluation of the problem- Is it reproducible? Is all the required information present, etc.
Pass to development for their evaluation of the impact and fix options
Review by a Change Board to accept or reject the change (or seek greater clarity), or perhaps add it to the list for a future release
Make the change (if approved)
System test the change
UAT the change
Close the issue or send back for more work
That is a lifecycle of an issue or exception, once raised, and the report or record of the issue or exception has to support that process in some way and information within it is usually changed to reflect status changes, new information and other relevant items, and that is its lifecycle; closely aligned to the lifecycle of the change itself.